![]() Puente 6 also reported a monopole fractal antenna with a triangular geometry. 5 reported Apollonian packing monopole antennas with broad, multiband characteristics. Most planar antennas employ circular or elliptical-shaped geometries capable of broad bandwidths, compared to designs based on rectangular or triangular geometries. Various monopole planar antennas have been designed with partial ground-plane feeds 3 and CPW feeds. 2 Printed planar circuits can be made small, and are useful for a variety of applications. Nonplanar antennas can achieve the wide bandwidth, but by using large ground planes that increase the overall size of the antenna. Many different antenna design methodologies have been presented for UWB use, including nonplanar and planar antennas. 1 Among them, the antenna must be extremely compact, with reasonable gain, an omnidirectional radiation pattern, and constant group delay for minimal distortion of transmission signal. ![]() Since the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) opened the use of frequencies from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz for UWB communications in 2002, a great deal of attention has been focused on the components needed for such systems. The antenna features an omnidirectional H-plane radiation pattern and a bidirectional E-plane radiation pattern. The design offers tremendous potential for various UWB applications, with an experimental impedance bandwidth of 133.905% from 2.89 to 14.60 GHz. To serve such applications in wireless communications and medical-imaging systems, a fractal antenna using an Appollian-shaped gasket with coplanar-waveguide (CPW) feed was developed. Broadband antennas are needed for emerging applications using the ultrawideband (UWB) frequency range from approximately 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. ![]()
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